Nicholas Carr: The Big Switch. Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google (2008)
Filed under book | Tags: · business, cloud computing, computer industry, computing, economics, economy, electrification, google, history, internet, software, technology
A hundred years ago, companies stopped generating their own power with steam engines and dynamos and plugged into the newly built electric grid. The cheap power pumped out by electric utilities didn’t just change how businesses operate. It set off a chain reaction of economic and social transformations that brought the modern world into existence. Today, a similar revolution is under way. Hooked up to the Internet’s global computing grid, massive information-processing plants have begun pumping data and software code into our homes and businesses. This time, it’s computing that’s turning into a utility.
The shift is already remaking the computer industry, bringing new competitors like Google and Salesforce.com to the fore and threatening stalwarts like Microsoft and Dell. But the effects will reach much further. Cheap, utility-supplied computing will ultimately change society as profoundly as cheap electricity did. We can already see the early effects — in the shift of control over media from institutions to individuals, in debates over the value of privacy, in the export of the jobs of knowledge workers, even in the growing concentration of wealth. As information utilities expand, the changes will only broaden, and their pace will only accelerate.
Nicholas Carr is the ideal guide to explain this historic upheaval. Writing in a lucid, engaging style, he weaves together history, economics and technology to describe how and why computers are changing — and what it means for all of us. From the software business to the newspaper business, from job creation to community formation, from national defense to personal identity, The Big Switch provides a panoramic view of the new world being conjured from the circuits of the “World Wide Computer.”
Publisher W. W. Norton & Co., 2008
ISBN 0393062287, 9780393062281
Length 278 pages
B. Jack Copeland (ed.): The Essential Turing: Seminal Writings in Computing, Logic, Philosophy, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Life. Plus the Secrets of Enigma (2004)
Filed under book | Tags: · artificial intelligence, artificial life, computing, history of computing, logic, mathematics, philosophy, turing machine
Alan Turing, pioneer of computing and WWII codebreaker, is one of the most important and influential thinkers of the twentieth century. In this volume for the first time his key writings are made available to a broad, non-specialist readership. They make fascinating reading both in their own right and for their historic significance: contemporary computational theory, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and artificial life all spring from this ground-breaking work, which is also rich in philosophical and logical insight. An introduction by leading Turing expert Jack Copeland provides the background and guides the reader through the selection.
Publisher Oxford University Press, 2004
ISBN 0198250800, 9780198250807
Length 613 pages
Emmanuel Goldstein: The Best of 2600: A Hacker Odyssey (2008)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, cybercrime, hacker culture, hacking, security, technology
Since 1984, the quarterly magazine 2600 has provided fascinating articles for readers who are curious about technology. Find the best of the magazine’s writing in Best of 2600: A Hacker Odyssey, a collection of the strongest, most interesting, and often most controversial articles covering 24 years of changes in technology, all from a hacker’s perspective. Included are stories about the creation of the infamous tone dialer “red box” that allowed hackers to make free phone calls from payphones, the founding of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, and the insecurity of modern locks.
Publisher John Wiley & Sons, 2008
ISBN: 978-0-470-29419-2
888 pages
Kurt W. Beyer: Grace Hopper and the Invention of the Information Age (2009)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, history of computing, history of technology, programming, technology
A Hollywood biopic about the life of computer pioneer Grace Murray Hopper (1906–1992) would go like this: a young professor abandons the ivy-covered walls of academia to serve her country in the Navy after Pearl Harbor and finds herself on the front lines of the computer revolution. She works hard to succeed in the all-male computer industry, is almost brought down by personal problems but survives them, and ends her career as a celebrated elder stateswoman of computing, a heroine to thousands, hailed as the inventor of computer programming. Throughout Hopper’s later years, the popular media told this simplified version of her life story. In Grace Hopper and the Invention of the Information Age, Kurt Beyer goes beyond the screenplay-ready myth to reveal a more authentic Hopper, a vibrant and complex woman whose career paralleled the meteoric trajectory of the postwar computer industry.
Hopper made herself “one of the boys” in Howard Aiken’s wartime Computation Laboratory at Harvard, then moved on to the Eckert and Mauchly Computer Corporation. Both rebellious and collaborative, she was influential in male-dominated military and business organizations at a time when women were encouraged to devote themselves to housework and childbearing. Hopper’s greatest technical achievement was to create the tools that would allow humans to communicate with computers in terms other than ones and zeroes. This advance influenced all future programming and software design and laid the foundation for the development of user-friendly personal computers.
Publisher MIT Press, 2009
Series: Lemelson Center Studies in Invention and Innovation
ISBN 026201310X, 9780262013109
Length 389 pages
Philip Morrison, Emily Morrison (eds.): Charles Babbage and his Calculating Engines (1961)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, history of computing, history of technology, technology
Selected writings by Charles Babbage and others.
Publisher Dover Publications, 1961
Series: Dover histories and classics of science
ISBN: 0486200124, 978-0486200125
Length 400 pages
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Comment (0)Bruce Collier, James H. MacLachlan: Charles Babbage and the Engines of Perfection (1998)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, history of computing, history of technology, mathematics, technology
Charles Babbage, “the grandfather of the modern computer,” did not live to see even one of his calculating machines at work. A dazzling genius with vision extending far beyond the limitations of the Victorian age, Babbage successfully calculated a table of logarithms during his years at Cambridge University, allowing mathematical calculations to be executed with extreme precision. Only the possibility of human error prevented complete accuracy, and Babbage understood that the only way to attain perfection is to leave the human mind entirely out of the equation. He devoted most of his life and spent most of his private fortune and government stipend trying to improve his difference engines and analytical engines.
Bruce Collier and James MacLachlan chronicle Babbage’s education and scientific career, his remarkably active social life and long string of personal tragedies, his forays into philosophy and economics, his successes and failures, and the biggest disappointment of his life– his ingenious inventions were centuries ahead of the primitive capabilities of Victorian technology.
Publisher Oxford University Press, 1998
Series: Oxford portraits in science
ISBN 0195089979, 9780195089974
Length 123 pages
Paul E. Ceruzzi: A History of Modern Computing, 2nd ed. (2003)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, history of computing, history of technology, software, technology
This engaging history covers modern computing from the development of the first electronic digital computer through the dot-com crash. The author concentrates on five key moments of transition: the transformation of the computer in the late 1940s from a specialized scientific instrument to a commercial product; the emergence of small systems in the late 1960s; the beginning of personal computing in the 1970s; the spread of networking after 1985; and, in a chapter written for this edition, the period 1995-2001. The new material focuses on the Microsoft antitrust suit, the rise and fall of the dot-coms, and the advent of open source software, particularly Linux.
Within the chronological narrative, the book traces several overlapping threads: the evolution of the computer’s internal design; the effect of economic trends and the Cold War; the long-term role of IBM as a player and as a target for upstart entrepreneurs; the growth of software from a hidden element to a major character in the story of computing; and the recurring issue of the place of information and computing in a democratic society. The focus is on the United States (though Europe and Japan enter the story at crucial points), on computing per se rather than on applications such as artificial intelligence, and on systems that were sold commercially and installed in quantities.
Edition 2
Publisher MIT Press, 2003
Series: History of computing
ISBN 0262532034, 9780262532037
Length 445 pages
Gerard O’Regan: A Brief History of Computing (2008)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, history of computing, history of technology, programming, software, technology
The history of computing has its origins at the outset of civilization. As towns and communities evolved there was a need for increasingly sophisticated calculations. This book traces the evolution of computation, from early civilisations 3000 B.C. to the latest key developments in modern times.
This useful and lively text provides a comprehensive introduction to the key topics in the history of computing, in an easy-to-follow and concise manner. It covers the significant areas and events in the field – from the ancient Egyptians through to the present day – and both gives the reader a flavour of the history and stimulates further study in the subject.
Features:
• Ideal for undergraduate courses, it offers many pedagogical features such as chapter-opening key topics, chapter introductions, exercises, chapter summaries, glossary, etc.
• Offers detailed information on major figures in computing, such as Boole, Babbage, Shannon , Turing and Von Neumann
• Includes a history of programming languages, including syntax and semantics
• Presents an overview of the history of software engineering
• Discusses the progress of artificial intelligence, with extension to such key disciplines as philosophy, psychology, linguistics, neural networks and cybernetics
• Examines the history of the Internet revolution, World Wide Web and Dot-Com Bubble
• Follows the evolution of a number of major technology companies such as IBM, Motorola and Microsoft
Focusing on the fundamental areas in the computing field, this clearly written and broad-ranging text will capture the attention of the reader and greatly benefit computer science students. In addition, it is suitable for self-study, and will also be of interest to the more casual reader.
Publisher Springer, 2008
ISBN 1848000839, 9781848000834
Length 245 pages
James Essinger: Jacquard’s Web: How a Hand-Loom led to the Birth of the Information Age (2007)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, history of computing, history of technology, technology
* A fascinating look at the previously uninvestigated story of a how a loom invented 200 years ago led to the development of the computer age
* Provides a new perspective on the history of computing and information technology
* Full of interesting and colourful characters: the modest but dedicated Joseph-Marie Jacquard, the brilliant but temperamental polymath Charles Babbage, and the imaginative and perceptive Ada Lovelace, Lord Byron’s daughter
* Contains much compelling new material that has never been published for a general readership until now
Jacquard’s Web is the story of some of the most ingenious inventors the world has ever known, a fascinating account of how a hand-loom invented in Napoleonic France led to the development of the modern information age. James Essinger, a master story-teller, shows through a series of remarkable and meticulously researched historical connections (spanning two centuries and never investigated before) that the Jacquard loom kick-started a process of scientific evolution which would lead directly to the development of the modern computer.
Publisher Oxford University Press, 2007
ISBN 0192805789, 9780192805782
Length 302 pages
Michael A. Hiltzik: Dealers of Lightning: Xerox Parc and the Dawn of the Computer Age (2000)
Filed under book | Tags: · 1970s, 1980s, computing, engineering, history of computing, history of technology, technology
In the bestselling tradition of The Soul of a New Machine, Dealers of Lightning is a fascinating journey of intellectual creation. In the 1970s and ’80s, Xerox Corporation brought together a brain-trust of engineering geniuses, a group of computer eccentrics dubbed PARC. This brilliant group created several monumental innovations that triggered a technological revolution, including the first personal computer, the laser printer, and the graphical interface (one of the main precursors of the Internet), only to see these breakthroughs rejected by the corporation. Yet, instead of giving up, these determined inventors turned their ideas into empires that radically altered contemporary life and changed the world.
Based on extensive interviews with the scientists, engineers, administrators, and executives who lived the story, this riveting chronicle details PARC’s humble beginnings through its triumph as a hothouse for ideas, and shows why Xerox was never able to grasp, and ultimately exploit, the cutting-edge innovations PARC delivered. Dealers of Lightning offers an unprecedented look at the ideas, the inventions, and the individuals that propelled Xerox PARC to the frontier of technohistoiy–and the corporate machinations that almost prevented it from achieving greatness.
Publisher HarperBusiness, 2000
ISBN 0887309895, 9780887309892
Length 480 pages
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Comment (0)David Alan Grier: Too Soon to Tell: Essays for the End of the Computer Revolution (2009)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, engineering, history of computing, history of technology, technology
Based on author David A. Grier’s column “In Our Time,” which runs monthly in Computer magazine, Too Soon To Tell presents a collection of essays skillfully written about the computer age, an era that began February 1946. Examining ideas that are both contemporary and timeless, these chronological essays examine the revolutionary nature of the computer, the relation between machines and human institutions, and the connections between fathers and sons to provide general readers with a picture of a specific technology that attempted to rebuild human institutions in its own image.
Publisher Wiley-IEEE, 2009
ISBN 0470080353, 9780470080351
Length 238 pages
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Johanna Drucker: SpecLab: Digital Aesthetics and Projects in Speculative Computing (2009)
Filed under book | Tags: · aesthetics, computing, digital aesthetics, digital humanities, metadata
Nearly a decade ago, Johanna Drucker cofounded the University of Virginia’s SpecLab, a digital humanities laboratory dedicated to risky projects with serious aims. In SpecLab she explores the implications of these radical efforts to use critical practices and aesthetic principles against the authority of technology based on analytic models of knowledge.
Inspired by the imaginative frontiers of graphic arts and experimental literature and the technical possibilities of computation and information management, the projects Drucker engages range from Subjective Meteorology to Artists’ Books Online to the as yet unrealized ’Patacritical Demon, an interactive tool for exposing the structures that underlie our interpretations of text. Illuminating the kind of future such experiments could enable, SpecLab functions as more than a set of case studies at the intersection of computers and humanistic inquiry. It also exemplifies Drucker’s contention that humanists must play a role in designing models of knowledge for the digital age—models that will determine how our culture will function in years to come.
Publisher University of Chicago Press, 2009
ISBN 0226165086, 9780226165080
Length 264 pages
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Doron Swade: The Difference Engine: Charles Babbage and the Quest to Build the First Computer (2001)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, history of computing, history of technology, mathematics
In 1821 an inventor and mathematician named Charles Babbage was reviewing a set of mathematical tables. After finding an excess of errors in the results, he exclaimed, “I wish to God these calculations had been executed by steam.” Thus began Babbage’s lifelong enterprise to design and build a mechanical calculating engine-the world’s first computer. Drawing on Babbage’s original notes and designs, Doron Swade recounts both Babbage’s nineteenth-century quest to build a calculating machine-the Difference Engine-and Swade’s own successful attempt to build a replica for the bicentennial of Babbage’s birth. Set against the tantalizing background of Victorian science and politics with a colorful cast of characters, The Difference Engineis a saga of ingenuity and will-and the dawning of a new age.
Publisher Penguin Books, 2001
ISBN 0670910201
Length 342 pages
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Comment (0)Herman H. Goldstine: The Computer from Pascal to von Neumann (1972/1993)
Filed under book | Tags: · computing, history of computing, history of technology, technology
In 1942, Lt. Herman H. Goldstine, a former mathematics professor, was stationed at the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania. It was there that he assisted in the creation of the ENIAC, the first electronic digital computer. The ENIAC was operational in 1945, but plans for a new computer were already underway. The principal source of ideas for the new computer was John von Neumann, who became Goldstine’s chief collaborator. Together they developed EDVAC, successor to ENIAC. After World War II, at the Institute for Advanced Study, they built what was to become the prototype of the present-day computer. Herman Goldstine writes as both historian and scientist in this first examination of the development of computing machinery, from the seventeenth century through the early 1950s. His personal involvement lends a special authenticity to his narrative, as he sprinkles anecdotes and stories liberally through his text.
Publisher Princeton University Press, 1993
ISBN 0691023670, 9780691023670
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Comment (0)Steve Wozniak: The Woz Wonderbook (1977)
Filed under brochure | Tags: · 1970s, computing, history of computing, history of technology, technology
The “Woz Wonderbook” was a compilation of notes from Steve Wozniak’s filing cabinet that served as the first documentation and technical support manual for the Apple II computer (before the more famous “red book” of January 1978).
A copy donated to DigiBarn Computer Museum by Bill Goldberg, longtime Apple employee.
Scanned by David Craig.
Available in Creative Commons License permitting noncommercial use with share-alike.
